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This guide contains description of setting up public key authentication for use with WinSCP. You may want to learn more about public key authentication or SSH keys instead.
Generate Ssh Key Putty
- Configure Server to Accept Public Key
Note that the server may send back an RSA key or a DSA key. If the key file contains a DSA key for the host, and an RSA key is returned, server validation will fail. The server can be forced to send back a particular type of key as described in How to use SFTP (choosing algorithms). SSH public key files have two standard formats - OpenSSH.
- Generating ssh keys from asp.net core. Ask Question. The idea is to generate an ssh key and structure the storage of these keys within the.ssh folder.
- FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS). For us to create your account, you must generate a public/private SSH keypair, using ssh-keygen or similar on Linux, or PuTTYgen, Bitvise SSH Client, Core FTP LE, etc. On Windows (see example how-to below). You will email us the public key, and our server will use it to confirm your identity each time you connect.
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Before starting you should:
- Have WinSCP installed;
- Know how to connect to the server without public key authentication.
If you do not have a key pair yet, start with generating new key pair.
Connect to your SSH server using WinSCP with the SSH protocol, using other means of authentication than public key, e.g. typically using password authentication.
Once logged in, configure your server to accept your public key. That varies with SSH server software being used. The most common SSH server is OpenSSH.
You can use Session > Install Public Key into Server command on the main window, or Tools > Install Public Key into Server command on SSH > Authentication page page on Advanced Site Settings dialog. The functionality of the command is similar to that of OpenSSH ssh-copy-id command.
Or you can configure the key manually:
- Navigate into a
.sshsubdirectory of your account home directory. You may need to enable showing hidden files to see the directory. If the directory does not exists, you need to create it first. - Once there, open a file
authorized_keysfor editing. Again you may have to create this file, if this is your first key. - Switch to the PuTTYgen window, select all of the text in the Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file box, and copy it to the clipboard (
Ctrl+C). Then, switch back to the editor and insert the data into the open file, making sure it ends up all on one line. Save the file. WinSCP can show you the public key too. - Ensure that your account home directory, your
.sshdirectory and fileauthorized_keysare not group-writable or world-writable. Recommended permissions for.sshdirectory are700. Recommended permissions forauthorized_keysfiles are600. Read more about changing permissions.
- Save a public key file from PuTTYgen, and copy that into the
.ssh2subdirectory of your account home directory. - In the same subdirectory, edit (or create) a file called
authorization. In this file you should put a line likeKey mykey.pub, withmykey.pubreplaced by the name of your key file.
For other SSH server software, you should refer to the manual for that server.
When configuring session, specify path to your private key on SSH > Authentication page of Advanced Site Settings dialog.
Alternatively, load the private key into Pageant.
Cloud providers have typically their own mechanism to setup a public key authentication to virtual servers running in the cloud.
For details see guides for connecting to:
- Amazon EC2;
- Google Compute Engine;
- Microsoft Azure.
- Using Public Keys for Authentication;
- Using PuTTYgen;
- Understanding SSH Key Pairs.
The first time a user connects to your SSH or SFTP server, his/her file transfer client may display an alert or notice indicating it doesn't recognize the server's fingerprint. What it's actually referring to is the server's SSH/SFTP key fingerprint, an important security feature that helps users and client applications authenticate SSH/SFTP servers. This post explains how it's used.
Importance of server authentication
Server authentication is a process that allows client applications to validate a server's identity. In other words, it helps a client determine whether it's really connecting to the server it intended to connect to. If the server fails the SSH host key authentication process, then it's possible that the server's host key was simply changed by the admin. That's not a big problem.
However, it could also mean that someone has carried out a spoofing or man-in-the-middle attack and, therefore, the client is likely on the verge of connecting to a malicious server. Now, THAT is a serious problem.
If a user unknowingly logs in to a malicious server, who ever has control of that server could easily acquire that user's login credentials and then use those credentials to gain access to the legitimate server. Secondly, if the unwitting user uploads files to the malicious server, those files will surely fall into the wrong hands. Lastly, if a user downloads files from the server, that user could end up downloading malware.
Server authentication helps prevent these from happening because if the authentication process fails, the client will be given an appropriate warning.
SSH / SFTP server autentication using fingerprints
How do you implement server authentication in SSH/SFTP? Theoretically, you can do this. As a server admin, you can furnish each user a copy of your server's public key. Public keys are supposed to be unique. Everytime a user connects to the server, the server can show the user its public key and the user can then compare that with his local copy. If they match, the user knows he's connecting to the right server.
There is however one problem with this method. Public keys are quite lengthy. So lengthy that it would be impractical for anyone to manually compare two copies. Your server authentication process will be time consuming.
A better way of carrying out server authentication when using SSH/SFTP is by inspecting the public key fingerprint. Mobile games hack 2016 key generator v1 7. A fingerprint in this context is basically a hash function of a public key. Simply put, it's a shorter equivalent of the public key. If you're not familiar with how hashes work, I suggest you read the post 'Understanding Hashing' first.
Because fingerprints are much shorter than public keys, they're also much easier to inspect and compare even through the naked eye.
How to use public key fingerprints
The first time a user connects to your SSH/SFTP server, he'll be presented with your server's fingerprint. To verify, the user can contact you and you can then dictate to him your record of the fingerprint. If they match, the user can then store that fingerprint for future login sessions. Most SSH/SFTP clients allow users to save fingerprints.
Once a fingerprint is saved, the client can automatically look up that fingerprint every time it connects to an SFTP server. If a match is made, the client will know it's connecting to a server it had already connected to before.
It's therefore very important to make sure all fingerprints the client saves have already been manually verified. If you accept a fingerprint without verifying, especially if you're connecting to a remote server, you might end up storing a fingerprint of a malicious server.
How to obtain the fingerprint if you're an administrator
What if you're an admin but don't know what your server's fingerprint is? Don't look so surprised. These things happen you know. The quickest way to obtain it would be to login to your SSH/SFTP server from a locally installed client application, i.e. installed on the same machine as your server. That way, you can be absolutely sure you're safe from man-in-the-middle attacks.
If you're using Linux and have the built-in SSH client, make sure there is no 'localhost' entry found inside ~/.ssh/known_hosts file. Delete the entry if you find any before attempting the connection. The moment you connect, you'll encounter something like this:
Copy that fingerprint and save it where you can easily access it.
Core Ftp Generate Ssh Key Windows
If your server runs on Windows or another GUI-based operating system, then you can install an SFTP client like AnyClient and connect to the server (again, locally). You should then see something like this:
Lastly, if this tool is available on your server (it's usually available on Linux), you may run the following command:
ssh-keygen -lf /path/to/public_key/pubkey_in_openssh_format.pub
In some SFTP servers, you'll have to export the public key in OpenSSH format for this to work. In JSCAPE MFT Server, go to Server > Key Manager > Server Keys. Select the server key, click Export > Public key.
Select the OpenSSH format and then click OK.
Once the public key is exported, you can then run ssh-keygen -lf on it likeso to reveal the fingerprint: