Generate Ssh Rsa Key From Certificate

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Finding your Private Key on Different Servers or Control Panels
Linux-Based (Apache, Nginx, LightHttpd)
Windows Operating Systems
Mac OS X
Tomcat
cPanel
WHM
Plesk
Synology NAS DSM
Webmin
VestaCP
DirectAdmin
Webuzo

What Is a Private Key?

Generating a new SSH key. Open Terminal Terminal Git Bash. Paste the text below, substituting in your GitHub email address. $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C 'youremail@example.com' This creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label. Generating public/private rsa key pair. Generating a new SSH key. Open Terminal Terminal Git Bash. Paste the text below, substituting in your GitHub email address. $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C 'youremail@example.com' This creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label. Generating public/private rsa key.

What Is a Private Key?

You’ve received your SSL Certificate, and now you need to install it.

Firstly, let’s go through some basics. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security is about using two unique keys: the Public Key is encrypted within your SSL Certificate, while the Private Key is generated on your server and kept secret.

All the information sent from a browser to a website server is encrypted with the Public Key, and gets decrypted on the server side with the Private Key. Together the key pair keeps communication secured, and one key will not work without the other.

How do I get it?

The Private Key is generated with your Certificate Signing Request (CSR). The CSR is submitted to the Certificate Authority right after you activate your Certificate. The Private Key must be kept safe and secret on your server or device, because later you’ll need it for Certificate installation.

Note: all Certificates except Multi-Domains support Private Key generation in your browser. The key is always saved during SSL activation, we never receive this information. That’s why it’s important you save and back it up during the process if you use the in-browser automatic generation method. If the Private Key key file is lost, you’ll need to reissue your Certificate.

Can I generate a new Private Key for my Certificate if I lose the old one?

Yes. You can generate a new private key and CSR, or use the automatic CSR and key generation during Certificate reissue (this option is available for all Certificates except for the Multi-Domains).

What does the Private Key look like?

It looks like a block of encoded data, starting and ending with headers, such as —–BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY—– and —–END RSA PRIVATE KEY—–.

You may not get to see this code when generating your CSR. Usually, it gets generated in the background with the CSR, and is automatically saved on your server. The system also fills the corresponding field automatically during installation of your Certificate in some control panels, such as cPanel.

The way this works varies depending on your web server, control panel, or any other tools used for CSR generation. Select the one that applies to you in the following section for specific guidance.

Finding your Private Key on Different Servers or Control Panels

Linux-based (Apache, NGINX, LightHttpd)

Normally, the CSR/RSA Private Key pairs on Linux-based operating systems are generated using the OpenSSL cryptographic engine, and saved as files with “.key” or “.pem” extensions on the server.

But no specific extensions are mandatory for text files in Linux, so the key file may have any name and extension, or no extension at all.

If you remember the whole name of the key file or at least part of it, you can use the following command in your console to find the file and its directory:

The slash symbol in this command implies that the search begins from the root directory of the server. This way you have more file options to view. The name of the file in between the single quotation marks should be the part of the name that you remember. To search for the file by extension, enter “*.key” to view all the files with the “.key” extension on your server.

Tip: often the name of the file corresponds to the domain name it was generated for e.g. “domain_tld.key” or “domain.tld.pem”.

Here’s another useful command that lets you search files by their content:

This command will return the absolute path to the Private Key file if it’s located on your server.

Windows Operating Systems (IIS, Exchange, Small Business server)

Windows servers don’t let you view the Private Key in plain text format. When you import your Certificate via MMC or IIS, the Private Key is bound to it automatically if the CSR/Key pair has been generated on the same server.

If you need to obtain the Private Key to install your Certificate on a different server, you can export the key in a password protected PFX (PKCS#12) file. To do that, open the MMC Certificates snap-in tools following these steps:

Win+R >> mmc.exe >> OK >> File >> Add/Remove Snap-in >> Certificates >> Add >> Computer account >> Next >> Local computer >> Finish >> OK

Next, go to Certificate Enrollment Requests >> Certificates (if you haven’t completed the Certificate request yet). If you’ve done that, you’d select Personal >> Certificates, then right-click the Certificate >> select All Tasks >> Export. The Export wizard will open, and give you instructions. You can find more detailed instructions here.

Certificate

Once that’s done, you will see the .pfx file containing your Certificate, CA-Bundle, and Private Key. To extract the key, use this tool. Choose the PKCS12 to PEM option, then upload the file and enter your chosen password.

Mac OS X

The Keychain tool in the Server application of Mac OS X won’t allow you to access the Private Key via the graphic user interface. Instead use the Terminal, by opening /etc/certificates/ directory and clicking the file.

Its name should be something like “*.key.pem”. And the terminal commands to open the file are: cd /etc/certificates/ , then ls , and sudo nano test.key.pem.

Note: to check if the Private Key matches your Certificate, go here. Then paste the Certificate and the Private Key text codes into the required fields and click Match.

Tomcat

If your Tomcat SSL connector is configured in JSSE style, the Private Key must be in a password-protected keystore file with a .jks or .keystore extension. This file, unlike most other cases, is created before the CSR. To extract the Private Key, you’ll need to convert the keystore into a PFX file with the following command:

Tips:

  1. “Keystore.jks” should be replaced with your actual keystore name,
  2. “keystore.p12” will be the name of the PKCS12 file you will receive,
  3. <jkskeyalias>, <jkspassword> and <keypassword> are the alias (key and keystore passwords that were entered during keystore generation),
  4. <jkskeyalias>, <jkspassword> and <keypassword> should be replaced with your JKS file alias, its password, and Private Key password.
  5. <newp12password> and <newkeypassword> should be replaced with the passwords you set for your new PKCS12 file and the Private Key.

After the PKCS12 file is generated, you can convert it to a PEM file with separated CRT, CA-Bundle and KEY files using this tool. Alternatively, use the following command in the terminal:

“Private.key” can be replaced with any key file title you like.

cPanel

  1. SSL/TLS Manager
    a) The simplest way to get the appropriate key used during SSL installation is reflected in the below picture:
    b) Alternatively, you can find the Private key in the Private keys section of the SSL/TLS Manager, which can be located in the cPanel main menu. You will see all the Private Keys ever generated in your cPanel. To view the code of the key, click View & Edit. If there are several keys in that menu, you can copy each of them to find a match with your Certificate code by using this tool.
  2. File manager
    On the homepage of your cPanel, click File manager. Find the folder named “ssl” in the folder tree to the left (see screenshot). That folder will contain another folder named “keys”. This key folder also contains all the keys ever generated in your cPanel.

WHM

WHM stores your private keys and CSR codes in the SSL Storage Manager menu. On the homepage, click SSL/TLS >> SSL Storage Manager. To view the Private Key, click the magnifier icon next to the relevant key in the Key column.

Plesk

Click Domains >> your domain >> SSL/TLS Certificates. You’ll see a page like the one shown below. The key icon with the message “Private key part supplied” means there is a matching key on your server.

To get it in plain text format, click the name and scroll down the page until you see the key code. Alternatively, click the green arrow icon on the right. This will download a PEM file, containing your Private Key, Certificate and CA-Bundle files (if they were previously imported to the server). The files can be opened in any text editor, such as Notepad.

Synology NAS DSM

When generating a CSR in Synology DSM, the Private Key is provided to you in a zip file on the last step. The key code is contained within a server.key file, that can be opened with a text editor, such as Notepad.

Webmin

Webmin works as a graphic user interface (GUI) on top of the command-line interface. There is also a file manager called Filemin, that you can use to browse the server file system and find your Private Key file. Alternatively, go to Others >> Command Shell and run the find or grep command, which you can find in the Linux Operating Systems section above.

VestaCP

Your Private Key needs to be saved during CSR generation, as it will not be available via the graphic user interface.

That said, you may be able to retrieve your Private Key via SSH. It is saved as a temporary file in the “/tmp” folder. The path to the file will look something like this: “/tmp/tmp.npAnkmWFcu/domain.com.key”.

Note: the files in the /tmp directory are deleted every time your server is rebooted, so this is not a safe place to store your Private Key.

To get the path to your key file, use this Linux command:

Where you see “domain.com”, replace this with the actual domain name you generated the CSR for.

The path to your key file can also be found using the grep command:

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DirectAdmin

Generate Ssh Rsa Key From Certificate Free

In the up-to-date version of DirectAdmin, your Private Key is saved on the server. Access it in the “Paste a pre-generated Certificate and key” field during installation.

Generate An Ssh Key

If that section is empty, it may mean the CSR and key were generated elsewhere, or the key was not saved in DirectAdmin due to a glitch. If a glitch happened, try retrieving the key via SSH. Usually it is saved in this directory:

/usr/local/directadmin/data/users/<user>/domains/<domain>.key

Note: <user> and <domain> are your DirectAdmin details.

Webuzo

On the homepage, find the SSL management section by clicking the Private Keys button. This will display a list of all the Private Keys generated in Webuzo. To see the key code, click the pencil icon to the right under the Option column, as shown in the screenshot below:

To sum up, ways to find your private key fully depend on the interface of the web server where you generate the CSR. If the methods described above did not help you find the private key for your certificate, the only solution would be to generate a new CSR/private key pair and reissue your certificate and to make sure that the key is saved on your server/local computer this time.

This guide contains description of setting up public key authentication for use with WinSCP. You may want to learn more about public key authentication or SSH keys instead.

  • Configure Server to Accept Public Key

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Before starting you should:

  • Have WinSCP installed;
  • Know how to connect to the server without public key authentication.

If you do not have a key pair yet, start with generating new key pair.

Connect to your SSH server using WinSCP with the SSH protocol, using other means of authentication than public key, e.g. typically using password authentication.

Once logged in, configure your server to accept your public key. That varies with SSH server software being used. The most common SSH server is OpenSSH.

You can use Session > Install Public Key into Server command on the main window, or Tools > Install Public Key into Server command on SSH > Authentication page page on Advanced Site Settings dialog. The functionality of the command is similar to that of OpenSSH ssh-copy-id command.

Or you can configure the key manually:

  • Navigate into a .ssh subdirectory of your account home directory. You may need to enable showing hidden files to see the directory. If the directory does not exists, you need to create it first.
  • Once there, open a file authorized_keys for editing. Again you may have to create this file, if this is your first key.
  • Switch to the PuTTYgen window, select all of the text in the Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file box, and copy it to the clipboard (Ctrl+C). Then, switch back to the editor and insert the data into the open file, making sure it ends up all on one line. Save the file. WinSCP can show you the public key too.
  • Ensure that your account home directory, your .ssh directory and file authorized_keys are not group-writable or world-writable. Recommended permissions for .ssh directory are 700. Recommended permissions for authorized_keys files are 600. Read more about changing permissions.
  • Save a public key file from PuTTYgen, and copy that into the .ssh2 subdirectory of your account home directory.
  • In the same subdirectory, edit (or create) a file called authorization. In this file you should put a line like Key mykey.pub, with mykey.pub replaced by the name of your key file.

For other SSH server software, you should refer to the manual for that server.

When configuring session, specify path to your private key on SSH > Authentication page of Advanced Site Settings dialog.

Alternatively, load the private key into Pageant.

Cloud providers have typically their own mechanism to setup a public key authentication to virtual servers running in the cloud.

For details see guides for connecting to:

  • Amazon EC2;
  • Google Compute Engine;
  • Microsoft Azure.
  • Using Public Keys for Authentication;
  • Using PuTTYgen;
  • Understanding SSH Key Pairs.