How Is A New Key Pair Generated For The Server

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Introduction

SSH (Secure Shell) allows secure remote connections between two systems. With this cryptographic protocol, you can manage machines, copy, or move files on a remote server via encrypted channels.

There are two ways to login onto a remote system over SSH – using password authentication or public key authentication (passwordless SSH login).

In this tutorial, you will find out how to set up and enable passwordless SSH login.

  • Access to command line/terminal window
  • User with sudo or root privileges
  • A local server and a remote server
  • SSH access to a remote server via command line/terminal window

You may already have an SSH key pair generated on your machine. To see whether you have SSH keys on the system, run the command:

If the output tells you there are no such files, move on to the next step, which shows you how to generate SSH keys.

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In case you do have them, you can use the existing keys, back them up and create a new pair or overwrite it.

1. The first thing you need to do is generate an SSH key pair on the machine you are currently working on.

In this example, we generate a 4096-bit key pair. We also add an email address, however this is optional. The command is:

2. Next, type in the location where you want to store the keys or hit Enter to accept the default path.

3. It also asks you to set a passphrase. Although this makes the connection even more secure, it may interrupt when setting up automated processes. Therefore, you can type in a passphrase or just press Enter to skip this step.

4. The output then tells you where it stored the identification and public key and gives you the key fingerprint.

5. Verify you have successfully created the SSH key pair by running the command:

You should see the path of the identification key and the public key, as in the image below:

You can upload the public SSH key to a remote server with the ssh-copy-id command or the cat command. Below you can find both options.

Option 1: Upload Public Key Using the ssh-copy-id Command

To enable passwordless access, you need to upload a copy of the public key to the remote server.

1. Connect to the remote server and use the ssh-copy-id command:

2. The public key is then automatically copied into the .ssh/authorized_keys file.

Another way to copy the public key to the server is by using the cat command.

1. Start by connecting to the server and creating a .ssh directory on it.

2. Then, type in the password for the remote user.

How Is A New Key Pair Generated For The Server Free

3. Now you can upload the public key from the local machine to the remote server. The command also specifies that the key will be stored under the name authorized_keys in the newly created .ssh directory:

With the SSH key pair generated and the public key uploaded to the remote server, you should now be able to connect to your dedicated server without providing a password.

Check whether the setup works by running the command:

The system should directly log you in to the remote server, no password required.

Note: Once you verify that you can SHH into the remote serve without a password, consider disabling SSH password authentication altogether. It will add another layer of security and secure your server from brute-force attacks.

Optional: Troubleshooting Remote Server File Permissions

File permissions on the remote server may cause issues with passwordless SSH login. This is a common issue with older versions of SSH.

If you are still prompted for a password after going through all the steps, start by editing file permissions on the remote server.

  • Set permissions 700 for the .ssh directory.
  • Set permissions 640 for the .ssh/authorized_keys directory.

Edit file permissions with the following command:

Enter your password when prompted. There will be no output if the action was successful. The issue should be resolved now.

New

If you want to automate updates and other tasks, or seamlessly SSH into a remote server, you should enable passwordless SSH login.

How Is A New Key Pair Generated For The Server Free

The instructions outlined in this article should have helped you to do so.

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For more SSH commands, check out these 19 common SSH commands in Linux with examples.

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Generate RSA keys with SSH by using PuTTYgen

One effective way of securing SSH access to your cloud server is to usea public-private key pair. This means that a public key is placed onthe server and a private key is placed on your local workstation.Using a key pair makes it impossible for someone to log in by using justa password, as long as you set up SSH to deny password-basedauthentication.

This article provides steps for generating RSA keys by using PuTTYgen onWindows for secure SSH authentication with OpenSSH.

Generate keys

In Windows, use PuTTYgen to generate your public and private keys.

  1. If needed, download PuTTYgen from the PuTTY download page.(PuTTYgen might have been installed previously with PuTTY or WinSCP.)
  2. Launch the program, and then click the Generate button.The program generates the keys for you.
  3. Enter a unique key passphrase in the Key passphrase andConfirm passphrase fields.For additional information about using passphrases,see Log in with a SSH Private Key on Windows.
  4. Save the public and private keys by clicking the Save public keyand Save private key buttons.
  5. From the Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys filefield at the top of the window, copy all the text (starting with ssh-rsa)to your clipboard by pressing Ctrl-C.You need this key available on your clipboard to paste eitherinto the public key tool in the Control Panel or directly into theauthorized keys on your cloud server.

Use the key pair

You can use the RSA key pair in the following ways.

Specify your SSH key when creating a new cloud server

When you create a cloud server, you can assign a public key from the list of keys.If your key is not already in the list, you may add it, and then assign it.

Add a new public key to the list

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  1. Under Advanced Options on the Create Server page, click Manage SSHKeys.
  2. Select public key for the cloud server from the SSH Keys listand click Add Public Key.
  3. Enter the key name, select the region, and paste the entire publickey into the Public Key field. Then click Add Public Key.
  4. Go back to the Create Server page, and confirm that your key is listedin the SSH Key list.

Assign a public key

  1. Under Advanced Options on the Create Server page, select the publickey you want to use from the SSH key drop-down menu.
  2. When you are done specifying the all the other details for the server,click Create Server.

Assign your SSH Key to an existing cloud server

To make use of your newly generated RSA key pair, you must tell PuTTY touse it when connecting to your cloud server.

  1. To edit the file (or create it), run the following command on the cloud server:

  2. Paste the text onto its own line in the file.

    You must have the key available in your clipboard to paste it. The key and itsassociated text (the ssh-rsa identified at the start and the comment at the end)must be on one line in the file. If the text is word-wrapped onto multiple linesan error might occur when connecting.

  3. If you created the authorized_keys file, change its permissionsafter you’re done editing it by running the following command:

  4. Open PuTTY, and go to the SSH > Auth section.

  5. Browse to the location of the key file, and load the private key.

  6. Go to the Session page, and save the session. This saves the configurationso that PuTTY uses the key every time that you connect to your cloudserver.

After you save your session, your key is loaded automatically when youconnect to your server.

How Is A New Key Pair Generated For The Server Address

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