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I'm still new to public key crypto. I'm trying to understand how it is that the private key is generated first in public key crypto? I would have expected the private and public key to be generated at the same time, as they would depend on each other. Signing a public key is effectively a certificate. These are the steps I take to produce a public key certificate I can distribute to other so that they may communicate securely with me: Setup. Generate the private Keys: openssl genrsa -out private.pem 2048. Generate the public keys: openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem. Jun 23, 2005 If you are prompted for a pass phrase, it likely means you are using public key authentication and that you specified a pass phrase when generating the public key/private key pair. Go back to the public key authentication instructions, and generate a new public key/private key pair that does not require a pass phrase. The methods used to do public/private key encryption only work for a very small amount of data, less than 1024 bytes. The exact number of bytes depends on the method used. Since we want to encrypt something that is large, a whole message, the system must use two types of encryption. Nov 01, 2018 A private key can be use to sign a document and the public key is use to verify that the signature of the document is valid. The API we use to generate the key pairs is in the java.security package. That’s mean we have to import this package into our code.
Creating and managing keys is an important part of the cryptographic process. Symmetric algorithms require the creation of a key and an initialization vector (IV). The key must be kept secret from anyone who should not decrypt your data. The IV does not have to be secret, but should be changed for each session. Asymmetric algorithms require the creation of a public key and a private key. The public key can be made public to anyone, while the private key must known only by the party who will decrypt the data encrypted with the public key. This section describes how to generate and manage keys for both symmetric and asymmetric algorithms.
Symmetric Keys
The symmetric encryption classes supplied by the .NET Framework require a key and a new initialization vector (IV) to encrypt and decrypt data. Whenever you create a new instance of one of the managed symmetric cryptographic classes using the parameterless constructor, a new key and IV are automatically created. Anyone that you allow to decrypt your data must possess the same key and IV and use the same algorithm. Generally, a new key and IV should be created for every session, and neither the key nor IV should be stored for use in a later session.
To communicate a symmetric key and IV to a remote party, you would usually encrypt the symmetric key by using asymmetric encryption. Sending the key across an insecure network without encrypting it is unsafe, because anyone who intercepts the key and IV can then decrypt your data. For more information about exchanging data by using encryption, see Creating a Cryptographic Scheme.
The following example shows the creation of a new instance of the TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider class that implements the TripleDES algorithm.
When the previous code is executed, a new key and IV are generated and placed in the Key and IV properties, respectively.
Sometimes you might need to generate multiple keys. In this situation, you can create a new instance of a class that implements a symmetric algorithm and then create a new key and IV by calling the GenerateKey and GenerateIV methods. The following code example illustrates how to create new keys and IVs after a new instance of the symmetric cryptographic class has been made.
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When the previous code is executed, a key and IV are generated when the new instance of TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider is made. Another key and IV are created when the GenerateKey and GenerateIV methods are called.
Asymmetric Keys
The .NET Framework provides the RSACryptoServiceProvider and DSACryptoServiceProvider classes for asymmetric encryption. These classes create a public/private key pair when you use the parameterless constructor to create a new instance. Asymmetric keys can be either stored for use in multiple sessions or generated for one session only. While the public key can be made generally available, the private key should be closely guarded.
A public/private key pair is generated whenever a new instance of an asymmetric algorithm class is created. After a new instance of the class is created, the key information can be extracted using one of two methods:
The ToXmlString method, which returns an XML representation of the key information.
The ExportParameters method, which returns an RSAParameters structure that holds the key information.
Both methods accept a Boolean value that indicates whether to return only the public key information or to return both the public-key and the private-key information. An RSACryptoServiceProvider class can be initialized to the value of an RSAParameters structure by using the ImportParameters method.
Asymmetric private keys should never be stored verbatim or in plain text on the local computer. If you need to store a private key, you should use a key container. For more on how to store a private key in a key container, see How to: Store Asymmetric Keys in a Key Container.
The following code example creates a new instance of the RSACryptoServiceProvider class, creating a public/private key pair, and saves the public key information to an RSAParameters structure.
See also
To Generate a Certificate by Using keytool
By default, the keytool utility creates a keystorefile in the directory where the utility is run.
Before You Begin
To run the keytool utility, your shell environmentmust be configured so that the J2SE /bin directory is inthe path, otherwise the full path to the utility must be present on the commandline.
Change to the directory that contains the keystore and truststorefiles.
Always generate the certificate in the directory containingthe keystore and truststore files. The default is domain-dir/config.
Generate the certificate in the keystore file, keystore.jks,using the following command format:
Use any unique name as your keyAlias. Ifyou have changed the keystore or private key password from the default (changeit), substitute the new password for changeit.The default key password alias is s1as.
A prompt appears that asks for your name, organization, and other information.
Export the generated certificate to the server.cer file(or client.cer if you prefer), using the following commandformat:
If a certificate signed by a certificate authority is required,see To Sign a Certificate by Using keytool.
Create the cacerts.jks truststore file andadd the certificate to the truststore, using the following command format:
If you have changed the keystore or private key password from the default(changeit), substitute the new password.
Information about the certificate is displayed and a prompt appearsasking if you want to trust the certificate.
Type yes, then press Enter.
Informationsimilar to the following is displayed:
To apply your changes, restart GlassFish Server. See To Restart a Domain.
Example 11–10 Creating a Self-Signed Certificate in a JKS Keystore by Using an RSAKey Algorithm
RSA is public-key encryption technology developed by RSA Data Security,Inc.
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Example 11–11 Creating a Self-Signed Certificate in a JKS Keystore by Using a DefaultKey Algorithm
Example 11–12 Displaying Available Certificates From a JKS Keystore
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Example 11–13 Displaying Certificate information From a JKS Keystore
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See Also
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For more information about keytool, see the keytool reference page.